8. American Policy in the Middle East: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead

Analysts of American policy in 2025 have the unusual advantage of being able to assess the new president’s likely policies against the backdrop of what he did in his first term, four years earlier. The prognosis is not positive.

Great Decisions resources

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Documents

528267_ISRAEL-2023-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – State Department

Israel-Background-and-US-Relations.pdf

Israel: Background and U.S. Relations

USaidtoPalestine_RS22967.64.pdf

U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians -CRS

Online resources

Video

A historical overview that traces the major developments in the Middle East over several centuries, helping viewers understand the roots of contemporary issues.

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History of the Middle East from the 17th to the 20th Century

Presented by the London School of Economics, this video delves into the reasons behind ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and the role of U.S. intervention, offering an academic perspective.

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Why is the Middle East at War? US Intervention Explained

This video offers a high-level overview of the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East, breaking down the relationships and tensions between different countries in an accessible manner.

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Middle East Geopolitics Explained Simply

A concise overview by the Council on Foreign Relations, featuring expert Steven A. Cook discussing the historical context and current challenges of U.S. involvement in the Middle East.

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U.S. Policy in the Middle East, With Steven A. Cook

Delivered in the region directly after the October 7 Hamas attack. Strongly reaffirms U.S. support for Israel while acknowledging civilian suffering.

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President Biden delivers remarks in Israel

Recommended Readings

Lisa Anderson, "The Forty-Year War: How America Lost the Middle East."

Anderson provides a sweeping account of American fortunes and misfortunes in a turbulent region. Read more

Daniel Byman, "Why the Middle East Still Needs America: the U.S. Military Keeps a Volatile Region from Descending into Chaos."

Byman offers little hope for change coming from within the Middle East, and thus he argues for the U.S. to remain active militarily to defend and deter. Read more

Steven Cook, "The End of Ambition: America's Past, Present, and Future in the Middle East."

Cook argues that U.S. policy in the Middle East enjoyed relative success from World War II until the 1990s, when it turned to broad social engineering projects, such as democratization. He argues for a return to traditional interests, such as energy security, Israel, counterterrorism, and counterproliferation, as well as climate and great power competition. Read more

Daniel Kurtzer, "Trump's Middle East Legacy: Arms, Autocrats, and Annexations."

Kurtzer argues that Trump tore down almost all the pillars of long-standing U.S. policy in the Middle East. Many of the policies and actions undertaken during Trump's first term remain in place. Read more

Robert O'Brien, "The Return of Peace Through Strength: Making the Case for Trump's Foreign Policy."

A former senior Trump advisor, O'Brien's prescription for the region is to elect Trump so that he can reprise what he did previously while in office. Read more

Ben Rhodes, "A Foreign Policy for the World as It Is: Biden and the Search for a New American Strategy."

A former senior Obama advisor, Rhodes argues that the U.S. must cope with a challenging Middle East, without aspiring to change things significantly. Read more

Steven Simon, "Grand Delusion: The Rise and Fall of American Ambition in the Middle East."

https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/555069/grand-delusion-by-steven-simon/ Read more

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